Space & Astronomy/Space and Astronomy (October 1993).iso/pc/text/spacedig/v13_2/v13_227.txt

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Subject: SPACE Digest V13 #227

SPACE Digest                                     Volume 13 : Issue 227

Today's Topics:
           Re: chimps in space -- question
              Re: UN Moon Treaty
           NASA Prediction Bulletin Format
                  Outgassing
      Re: Terraforming, sun shield (Why in sci.optics?)
               * SpaceNews  04-Mar-91 *

Administrivia:

    Submissions to the SPACE Digest/sci.space should be mailed to
  [e-mail].  Other mail, esp. [un]subscription requests,
  should be sent to [e-mail], or, if urgent, to
             [e-mail]

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: 2 Mar 91 17:05:36 GMT
From: world!ksr![e-mail]  (Chris Jones)
Subject: Re: chimps in space -- question

In article <[e-mail]>, clj@ksr (that's me) writes:
>I wasn't going to talk dogs, since the original poster asked about chimps.
>However...

And I should have waited until I was at home with my references.
>
>Sputnik 2 carried Laika, who was not recovered.  Korabl Sputniks 1 through 6
>were unmanned tests of the Vostok capsule.  (Sometimes they are numbered
>Sputniks 4 through 9).

That should be Korabl Sputniks 1 through 5.  The Sputnik numbers would end at
8.

>                 KS 2 carried the dogs Strelka and Belka; they (along
>with rats and other biological cargo) became the first living creatures from
>earth to orbit the earth and return.  KS 3 also carried two dogs (Pchelka and
>Mushka, I recall, but I'm not sure).

The names are correct.

>                       They perished when their capsule was
>destroyed during reentry.  KS 4, 5, & 6 each carried one dog, and all were
>successful flights.

KS 4 carried the dog Chernushka and KS 5 carried the dog Zvezdochka.  These two
flights were single orbit flights, paving the way for Gagarin's flight.

>              There was one launch failure of a Vostok precursor with a
>dog or dogs on it; the Soviets say it was recovered after the failure.

There were two launch failures.  The first occurred between KS 1 and KS 2, and
the second occurred between KS 3 and KS 4.  The second is the one I referred to
as having dogs who were recovered.

>                                         These
>flights took place during 1960-1961 (except Sputnik 2 was launched in November
>1957).
Sputnik 2     3 Nov 1957

KorablSputnik 1 15 May 1960
KS failure    23 Jul 1960
KS 2        19 Aug 1960
KS 3         1 Dec 1960
KS failure    22?Dec 1960
KS 4         9 Mar 1961
KS 5        25 Mar 1961

Vostok 1    12 Apr 1961
--
Chris Jones    [e-mail]    {world,uunet,harvard}!ksr!clj

------------------------------

Date: 2 Mar 91 19:05:01 GMT
From: crash!orbit!pnet51![e-mail]  (S Schaper)
Subject: Re: UN Moon Treaty

Austrailia's siging of that treaty makes Cape York look very undesirable.
**************************************************************************
Zeitgeist Busters!
UUCP: {crash tcnet}!orbit!pnet51!schaper
INET: [e-mail]
           Aslan is on the move!
****************************************************************************

------------------------------

Date: 2 Mar 91 17:33:59 GMT
From: udecc.engr.udayton.edu!blackbird.afit.af.mil![e-mail]  (TS Kelso)
Subject: NASA Prediction Bulletin Format


As a service to the satellite user community, the following description
of the NASA Prediction Bulletin's two-line orbital element set format is
uploaded to sci.space on a monthly basis.  The most current orbital elements
from the NASA Prediction Bulletins are carried on the Celestial BBS, (513)
427-0674, and are updated several times weekly.  Documentation and tracking
software are also available on this system.  The Celestial BBS may be
accessed 24 hours/day at 300, 1200, or 2400 baud using 8 data bits, 1 stop
bit, no parity.

==============================================================================

Data for each satellite consists of three lines in the following format:

AAAAAAAAAAA
1 NNNNNU NNNNNAAA NNNNN.NNNNNNNN +.NNNNNNNN +NNNNN-N +NNNNN-N N NNNNN
2 NNNNN NNN.NNNN NNN.NNNN NNNNNNN NNN.NNNN NNN.NNNN NN.NNNNNNNNNNNNNN

Line 1 is a eleven-character name.

Lines 2 and 3 are the standard Two-Line Orbital Element Set Format identical
to that used by NASA and NORAD.  The format description is:

Line 2
Column     Description
 01-01     Line Number of Element Data
 03-07     Satellite Number
 10-11     International Designator (Last two digits of launch year)
 12-14     International Designator (Launch number of the year)
 15-17     International Designator (Piece of launch)
 19-20     Epoch Year (Last two digits of year)
 21-32     Epoch (Julian Day and fractional portion of the day)
 34-43     First Time Derivative of the Mean Motion
        or Ballistic Coefficient (Depending on ephemeris type)
 45-52     Second Time Derivative of Mean Motion (decimal point assumed;
           blank if N/A)
 54-61     BSTAR drag term if GP4 general perturbation theory was used.
           Otherwise, radiation pressure coefficient.  (Decimal point assumed)
 63-63     Ephemeris type
 65-68     Element number
 69-69     Check Sum (Modulo 10)
           (Letters, blanks, periods = 0; minus sign = 1; plus sign = 2)

Line 3
Column     Description
 01-01     Line Number of Element Data
 03-07     Satellite Number
 09-16     Inclination [Degrees]
 18-25     Right Ascension of the Ascending Node [Degrees]
 27-33     Eccentricity (decimal point assumed)
 35-42     Argument of Perigee [Degrees]
 44-51     Mean Anomaly [Degrees]
 53-63     Mean Motion [Revs per day]
 64-68     Revolution number at epoch [Revs]
 69-69     Check Sum (Modulo 10)

All other columns are blank or fixed.

Example:

NOAA 6
1 11416U          86 50.28438588 0.00000140           67960-4 0  5293
2 11416  98.5105  69.3305 0012788  63.2828 296.9658 14.24899292346978

Note that the International Designator fields are usually blank, as issued in
the NASA Prediction Bulletins.

--
Dr TS Kelso                           Assistant Professor of Space Operations
[e-mail]          Air Force Institute of Technology

------------------------------

Date: 2 Mar 91 21:05:35 GMT
From: news-server.csri.toronto.edu!helios.physics.utoronto.ca!ists!nereid![e-mail]  (Harold Peter White)
Subject: Outgassing




A friend of mine has asked me to ask around for references about the following:

1. The effects of outgassing of matterials in interplanetary space.

2. Density, etc, of dust and micrometeors in interplanetary space. He is
looking for the Earth - Mars area in particular.

If anyone can suggest any sources of info, or even introductory info on these
subjects, it would be greatly appreciated. Feel free to e-mail to me and I'll
pass the information on. I'll also post info if there is interest.

HPWhite
[e-mail]

------------------------------

Date: 2 Mar 91 18:39:18 GMT
From: att!news.cs.indiana.edu!news.nd.edu!mentor.cc.purdue.edu![e-mail]  (Mark Gellis)
Subject: Re: Terraforming, sun shield (Why in sci.optics?)


Probably what is happening is that people forget to edit the header
section of their messages...a common error since people are often so
eager to get to writing their message that they simply skip over the
header section.  And every time someone adds a new newsgroup, since they
think some particular tidbit in their post will interest a new group
of people, the thing gets longer and longer, etc.  I don't think it's
any deliberate attempt to harrass the people in sci.optics.

I can also understand the desire to keep sci.optics "pure"--we all have
only so much time and we want to get to the articles that fill our specific
interests without having to wade through a lot of other stuff.  (Check
out misc.headlines sometime and you'll see what I mean.)  I would think
people in optics would be fascinated by all the space-related aspects of
their field, but I can also see why they wouldn't want these to crowd out
other equally important aspects.

My only "objection" to the last post, and it's a minor one, is the suggestion
that we place ideas like terraforming in a group called sci.whimsy.  The
word whimsy implies foolish hopefulness, silly ideas that just are not
practical and should not really be pursued.  Sci.speculation was a much
better suggestion, although I think an even better one might be
sci.future.potential.  I think the last place we need to be discouraging
original thought is in the sciences; these days, it seems like the ground
is so barren, so arid, that those seeds should get all the help we can
give them.

------------------------------

Date: 2 Mar 91 21:23:00 GMT
From: ka2qhd![e-mail]  (John Magliacane)
Subject: * SpaceNews  04-Mar-91 *


SB SPACE @ AMSAT < KD2BD $SPC0304
* SpaceNews  04-Mar-91 *

Bulletin ID: $SPC0304


                              =========
                              SpaceNews
                              =========

                         MONDAY MARCH 4, 1991

SpaceNews originates at KD2BD in Wall Township, New Jersey, USA.  It
is published every week and is made available for unlimited distribution.



* RS12/RS13 NEWS *
==================
This turned out to be a banner week for the new satellites (RS12/13 and AO21).
Mode A of RS-12 was turned on earlier in the week and the beacon on 29.408 was
described as very loud.  However, later in the week, it was reported that
there may be a problem with RS-12 caused by interaction with the Main Payload
Cosmos 2123.

Ed O'Grady, KE2VC, was listening to RS-12 on Mode A and heard an inordinate
amount of CW in the passband and after listening for a few seconds determined
that it was in fact the unmistakable sound of navigation satellite signals.
Upon retuning his FT-736 over to 150.000 (Cosmos 2123's frequency) discovered
a perfect match!.  Apparently, the Nav downlink (which had not previously been
observed) is getting in to the amateur 2M receiver.  This appears to be
reminiscent of a similar situation with RS10/11 and its parent, Cosmos 1861.

[Story via ANS]


* OSCAR-21 NEWS *
=================
Peter, DB2OS, reports that the AO-21 RUDAK beacon and RM-1 CW beacon was
switched on around 2140 UTC on 22 February 91, 6 days earlier than expected.
GEOS had stated last week that they would not power up our equipment before 28
Feb. While waiting for the next UO-14 pass, Peter had his receiver on 145.975
when the squelch opened and he found RUDAK-2 transmitting 400 Bit/s PSK
telemetry (AO13 format) on 145.983 MHz with an extremely strong signal!  The
CW beacon on 145.822 was also on with very good signals.

Once software is uploaded to RUDAK-2, the RUDAK beacon will be switched to
1200 Bit/s PSK AX.25 (like FUJI, PACSAT etc) transmitting telemetry and short
bulletins.  The ROBOT modes and RUDAK MAILBOX RBBS will be switched on later
after final check-outs.  Watch the RUDAK beacon, UO-14, and ANS for further
information.

[Story via ANS]


* METEOR OBSERVATIONS *
=======================
Peter Wright, DJ0BI, of Muhlingen, West Germany would like to get in touch
with those involved in meteor observations.  Peter uses a fully automatic
camera of his own construction that has a revolving shutter, giving 12.5
darkenings a second.  His automated system takes one or two photographs
per night for one month and records meteor observations onto a 9x12 cm
flat film.  In addition, Peter uses a radio forward scatter unit that
writes data to a pen recorder to gather radio observations of meteor
activity.  Using this information, Peter, along with members of a European
network of meteor observers, calculate flight patters of meteors in an
attempt to retrieve fallen material.

If anyone is interested or is already involved in meteor observations, Peter
asks that they contact him, since he has a large quantity of information
on this subject to share with others worldwide.

Peter may be contacted by mail by writing:

Peter Wright, DJ0BI
Steinbuhl Str 8
7769 Muhlingen
West Germany

or by packet radio: DJ0BI @ OE9XPI (in Austria).


* STS-37 SAREX NEWS *
=====================
In a packet mail exchange between U2MIR and W5RRR recently, Musa was asked if
he would still be on board during the STS-37 mission in April.  Musa replied
he will be on Mir until May 20, 1991.  This means there is another opportunity
for a space to space contact between Mir and the Shuttle using amateur radio.
The exact launch time and exact orbit of Mir will determine when the contact
can take place, a few minute difference in the launch time could leave the
Shuttle with no conjunction during the 5 day flight.  It will not be known
until after launch if and when the conjuctions will occur.

SAREX experimenters report that testing of the flight hardware on board the
orbiter went well last week.  The 2m (144-145Mhz) packet, slow-scan and
voice equipment were checked out, as well as the 70cm FSTV receiver and
miniature TV/VCR and Camera that will be carried as part of the experiment.
The only glitch was the failure of a piece of ground test equipment, the FSTV
transmitter modulator failed.  This prevented complete verification of the FSTV
receiver while in the orbiter.  An unmodulated carrier was received and the
FSTV receiver has been thoroughly tested at JSC, so no problems are expected.

Unfortunately, due to Shuttle hardware problems, the Shuttle is now grounded
for at least four months, effectively eliminating the possibility of a
Shuttle <==> Mir Amateur Radio contact.

[Info via Gary Morris, N5QWC/W5RRR]


* TNX QSL! *
============
A special thanks to all those who sent QSLs and letters to SpaceNews:

DJ0BI  : Peter Wright, Muhlingen, West Germany
WB9TFJ : L.J. Hemmer, Baraboo, Wisconsin, USA


* FEEDBACK WELCOMED *
=====================
Feedback regarding SpaceNews reports may be directed to the editor using
any one of the following paths:

INTERNET : [e-mail]
PACKET   : KD2BD @ NN2Z.NJ.USA.NA
UUCP     : ...rutgers!ka2qhd!kd2bd

MAIL     : John A. Magliacane, KD2BD
           Electronics Technology Department
           Advanced Technology Center
           Brookdale Community College
           765 Newman Springs Road
           Lincroft, New Jersey 07738
           U.S.A.



/EX
--
John A. Magliacane                 FAX  : [phone]
Electronics Technology Department  AMPR : KD2BD @ NN2Z.NJ.USA.NA
Brookdale Community College        UUCP : ...!rutgers!ka2qhd!kd2bd
Lincroft, NJ  07738  USA           VOICE: [phone] ext 607

------------------------------

End of SPACE Digest V13 #227
*******************